Thin film magnetic head and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to improvement of a write element of a thin film magnetic head. The first pole portion projects from a flat surface of a first yoke portion at a medium-facing surface side and having a reduced width at its upper end. The second pole portion faces the upper end of the first pole portion, having the same width as the upper end of the first pole portion, with the gap film interposed between the second pole portion and the upper end of the first pole portion. The first pole portion includes a magnetic film adjacent to the gap film, the magnetic film etched at both sides in width direction to have a narrowed portion having substantially the same width as the second pole portion, and a base portion connected to the narrowed portion, increasing in thickness toward the narrowed portion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a thin film magnetic head, a magneticrecording device using the same and a method for manufacturing the same,and particularly to improvement of a write element provided in a thinfilm magnetic head.

2. Discussion of Background

In recent years, the improvement in performance of a thin film magnetichead is demanded with the improvement in areal recording density of ahard disk device. The improvement in performance of a thin film magnetichead must be achieved in two aspects. One aspect is the improvement inperformance of a read element, and the other is the improvement inperformance of a write element.

The performance of a read element has been remarkably improved bydevelopment and practical use of a GMR (giant magnetoresistive) headprovided with a spin valve film (SV film) or a ferromagnetic tunneljunction. Recently, this trend is so vigorous as to exceed a arealrecording density of 100 Gb/p.

On the other hand, the improvement in performance of a write element hasvarious problems to be solved as described below.

First, since a thin film magnetic head is used as a component of amagnetic recording device in a computer, it is demanded to be excellentin high-frequency characteristic and suitable for a high-speed datatransfer rate. The high-frequency characteristic of a thin film magnetichead is determined by the structure of yokes and coils to form a writeelement. From such a view point, various prior arts have been proposedup to now.

For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,043,959 discloses a technique in which asecond yoke (upper yoke) is made flat to reduce the mutual inductance ofcoils and thus improve a high-frequency characteristic. U.S. Pat. No.6,259,583B1 discloses a structure in which high-permeability andlow-anisotropy layers, and non-magnetic layers are alternately stackedto form a second flat yoke.

A flat pole structure as disclosed in the above-mentioned prior arts isdefined by photolithography, and a submicron process through asemiconductor process technique on the pole portion is necessary toachieve a narrow-track structure with an enhanced recording density.However, this submicron process is accompanied by the problems asdescribed below.

First, the narrower the structure of a pole portion is made in a trackstructure, the more the pole portion is liable to cause a magneticsaturation, with degradation in a write ability. Thus a magneticmaterial with a high saturation magnetic flux density (hereinafter,referred to as an HiBs material) is needed to make the pole portion.

As HiBs materials, there are known FeN, CoFeN, NiFe, CoNiFe and thelike. Among them, FeN, CoFeN and the like show a high saturationmagnetic flux density of 2.4 T, for example, but they are difficult toform a pattern by plating, and consequently it becomes necessary to forma film of the material by sputtering and subsequently to pattern thefilm by ion milling. In case of a sputtering film as thick as 0.2 μm ormore, accurate control over a track width of 0.2 μm or less, however, isvery difficult, concerned with a mask made of photoresist or a maskformed of a magnetic film to form an upper pole.

On the other hand, NiFe, CoNiFe and the like can be easily patterned byplating. And NiFe provides a saturation magnetic flux density of 1.5 Tto 1.6 T by increasing Fe in a composition ratio of Fe to Ni.Additionally NiFe is easy to control the composition ratio.

For a areal recording density of 80 to 100 Gb/p, the track width gets assmall as 0.1 to 0.2 μm, demanding a saturation magnetic flux density ashigh as 2.3 to 2.4 T, and NiFe cannot satisfy the demand. For a platingmethod, CoNiFe is suitable but CoNiFe is as low as 1.8 T or so insaturation magnetic flux density and cannot satisfy the high saturationmagnetic flux density of 2.3 to 2.4 T required for a small track widthof 0.1 to 0.2 μm.

Thus it has been usual that a seed film to be a plating ground is madeof CoFe which is 2.4 T in saturation magnetic flux density, and thereonis deposited a plating film of CoNiFe which is 2.3 T in saturationmagnetic flux density, for example.

In case of forming, for example, the upper pole by the above-mentionedtechnique, it is necessary to use the upper pole as a mask and thus trimthe seed film below the upper pole by ion beam or the like in order toachieve a required narrow track width in the upper pole. However, theseed film is, for example, a sputtering film of CoFe, and thus is verydifficult to trimmed by ion beam. Due to this, in case of trimming alower pole using the upper pole as a mask, the upper pole greatlyreduces in film thickness. For example, the upper pole that has beenformed as a plating film of 3 to 3.5 μm thick reduces as thin as 1.0 μm.The upper pole having such a thin film thickness causes a magneticsaturation in a write operation, with considerable degradation in anover-write characteristic.

And since it is necessary to trim the upper pole to a very small widthof 0.1 to 0.2 μm by means of ion milling, ion beams need to be appliedat a large angle. Due to this, a part closer to the tip of the upperpole is more trimmed and therefore the upper pole is formed into theshape of a triangle or a trapezoid. Thus the upper pole reduces involume and the reduction in volume increases a risk of a magneticsaturation.

Next, in case of trimming a pole, a trimming mask is deposited so as tosurround an upper yoke portion and cover a coil portion, not to coverthe upper yoke portion and the upper pole. The reason is that it hasbeen thought that covering the whole of the upper yoke portion and theupper pole connected thereto causes a side wall at the edge of the maskpattern and the side wall deposited to the pole causes a side writephenomenon, side erase phenomenon or the like.

As the upper yoke portion is not covered with a mask as described above,a flare portion, which increases gradually in width from the upper poleto a wide portion of the upper yoke portion, is trimmed by ion beam, sothat the flare point, at which the upper yoke portion begins to increasein width, backs away from the air bearing surface (hereinafter, referredto as ABS). This also reduces the magnetic volume, with degradation inthe over-write characteristic.

Generally, the closer the flare point, at which the flare portion beginsto increase in width, is to the ABS, the more excellent over-writecharacteristic is obtained. The flare point must be made close to theABS, especially in the case of the small track width of 0.2 μm or less.In the conventional trimming method, the flare point recedes not onlyfor the above-mentioned reason, but also for the following reason.

That is to say, as a trimming mask is deposited so as to surround theupper pole portion and cover the coil portion, not to cover the upperyoke portion and the upper pole, metal particles scattered by trimmingthe lower pole by ion beams deposit on the side wall faces of the upperpole. To obtain a prescribed track width, the deposit film must beremoved. To remove the deposit film, ion beams must be applied at alarge angle of 50 to 75 degrees. This ion beam irradiation at a largeangle narrows the upper pole. Furthermore, the pole is narrowed to havea taper angle making the width gradually smaller from the flare pointtoward the ABS, causing a problem that the track width varies accordingto individual thin film magnetic heads.

And while a narrow-track structure might be achieved by applying asemiconductor process technique on a flat pole structure to perform asubmicron process on the pole portion, the surface of the flare portionexpanding in width from the pole portion toward the yoke portion formsthe same plane as the surfaces of the pole portion and yoke portion,causing problems that, in a write operation, the magnetic flux leakedfrom a side of the flare portion might erase a magnetic record on anadjacent track in a magnetic recording medium (side erase phenomenon),give a magnetic record to an adjacent track in a magnetic recordingmedium (side write phenomenon), or the like. Due to these problems, itis difficult to perform an accurate track control of 0.2 μm or less, andconsequently it is impossible to achieve a high areal recording densityof 100 Gb/p or more.

Next, it is known that in a thin film magnetic head of this type, theshorter the yoke length YL from the back gap to the pole portion is, themore excellent high-frequency characteristic is obtained. In order toshorten the yoke length, it is necessary to reduce the number of turnsof a coil positioned between the back gap and the pole portion or toreduce the width of the coil without reducing the number of turns.

As the number of turns of a coil is determined by a magneto motive forcerequired, however, reducing the number of coil turns to shorten the yokelength YL has a limit.

On the other hand, in case of reducing the width of a coil withoutreducing the number of coil turns, the electric resistance of the coilincreases, so a temperature rise due to heat generation in a writeoperation increases. When the temperature rise increases, the upper poleportion and the lower pole portion thermally expand to cause a thermalprotrusion that the pole portion swells on the ABS side. When a thermalprotrusion occurs, the part where the thermal protrusion has occurredcomes into contact with a magnetic recording medium in write and readoperations, causing head crash, damage or destruction of a magneticrecord on the magnetic recording medium. Consequently, a thermalprotrusion must be strictly avoided. If it is impossible to avoid athermal protrusion, the floating height of a thin film magnetic headmust be increased after all, which makes it impossible to meet a demandfor a low floating height for a high recording density.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a thin film magnetichead and a magnetic recording device suitable for a high areal recordingdensity of 100 Gb/p or more.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a thin filmmagnetic head and a magnetic recording device of a high areal recordingdensity type in which a sufficient over-write characteristic can beachieved in a narrow track width.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a thin filmmagnetic head and a magnetic recording device of a high areal recordingdensity type in which a pole comprises a material with a high saturationmagnetic flux density of 2.2 to 2.4 T (referred to as an HiBs material)and has a track width of 0.1 to 0.2 μm.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a thinfilm magnetic head and a magnetic recording device of a high arealrecording density type having a high-frequency characteristic improvedby shortening the yoke length.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a thinfilm magnetic head and a magnetic recording device of a high arealrecording density type having a yoke length of 5.5 μm or less.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a thinfilm magnetic head and a magnetic recording device of a high arealrecording density type in which the amount of generated heat is reducedby lowering the resistance of coils as keeping the number of coil turns.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide amanufacturing method suitable for manufacturing a thin film magnetichead described above.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, in a thin film magnetichead according to the present invention, a first pole portion (lowerpole portion) of a write element includes a magnetic film adjacent tothe gap film. The magnetic film is etched at both sides in widthdirection so as to have a narrowed portion having substantially the samewidth as a second pole portion (upper pole portion). A base portion,which is left on bottoms of indentations formed on both sides of thenarrowed portion by etching and is connected to the narrowed portion,increases in thickness toward the narrowed portion.

This structure makes it possible to avoid magnetic saturation in thepole piece adjacent to the gap film, and consequently improve theover-write characteristic.

The magnetic film adjacent to the gap film is made of a magneticmaterial containing Co and Fe and, more specifically, is made of CoFe orCoFeN. CoFe or CoFeN is an HiBs material of 2 to 2.4 T in saturationmagnetic flux density. The magnetic film adjacent to the gap film may beformed as a sputtering film of FeN, CoFe or CoFeN. Also, in the secondpole portion, a magnetic film adjacent to the gap film is preferablymade of the above-mentioned magnetic material.

Consequently, it is possible to achieve a thin film magnetic head havinga track width of 0.1 to 0.2 μm and suitable for a high areal recordingdensity of 100 Gb/p or more.

Preferably, the coil comprises a first coil and a second coil. The firstand second coils surround in a spiral form the back gap portion on afirst insulating film formed on the flat surface of the first yokeportion, and one of the first and second coils is fitted into the spacebetween coil turns of the other, insulated from the coil turns of theother by a second insulating film, and the first and second coils areconnected to each other so as to generate magnetic flux in the samedirection.

The second insulating film between the first coil and the second coilcan be formed as a very thin Al₂O₃ film of about 0.1 μm in thickness byapplying chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter, referred to as CVD) orthe like. Therefore, it is possible to maximize sectional areas of thefirst and second coils between the back gap portion and the first poleportion, and consequently decrease the resistance of the coils and thequantity of generated heat as keeping the number of coil turns. Thismakes it possible to suppress occurrence of a thermal protrusion in thepole portions, and consequently avoid a head crash and the damage ordestruction of a magnetic record on a magnetic recording medium and meeta demand for a low floating height for a high recording density.

As one of the first coil and the second coil is fitted into the spacebetween coil turns of the other, insulated from the coil turns of theother by the second insulating film, a high wiring density of coilconductors is achieved. This makes it possible to shorten the yokelength YL as keeping the same number of coil turns.

The first coil and the second coil are connected to each other so as togenerate magnetic flux in the same direction. As the first coil and thesecond coil are the same in winding direction, it is possible togenerate magnetic flux in the same direction by making aseries-connection structure in which the inner end of the first coil isconnected to the outer end of the second coil. Alternatively, magneticflux may be generated in the same direction by connecting the first coilto the second coil in parallel. The parallel connection offers areduction in coil resistance though a decrease in the number of coilturns.

The upper surfaces of the first coil and the second coil form the sameplane. This structure makes it possible to form a common thirdinsulating film on the upper surfaces of the first and second coils,which offers simplification of an insulating structure on the uppersurfaces of the first and second coils. And this structure provides astable base for forming another coil above the first and second coils,so said another coil can be formed as a high-accuracy pattern.

In case of providing another coil on the first and second coils, uppersurfaces of a pole piece and a back gap piece are also made to form thesame plane as the upper surfaces of the first and second coils inaddition to flattening the upper surfaces of the first and second coils.By doing so, another pole piece and another back gap piece required forproviding another coil can be formed as a high-accuracy pattern on theflattened upper surfaces of the pole piece and the back gap piece.

In general, a thin film magnetic head according to the present inventionforms a composite thin-magnetic head comprising a read element and awrite element. The read element comprises a giant magnetoresistanceeffect element (hereinafter, referred to as a GMR element). The GMRelement comprises a spin valve film or a ferromagnetic tunnel junction.

In a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned thin film magnetichead, a film to be the second yoke portion is formed in an uniformthickness. After that, the second yoke portion is covered with a resistmask, wherein the resist mask has an opening where the second poleportion is to be formed.

Next, an etch-backing process is applied onto the resist mask so as toexpose a part of the second yoke portion. After that, an etching processis applied through the opening to a part of the magnetic film and/or apart of the gap film that are in the opening.

In the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the present invention,the second yoke portion is covered with the resist mask and then, anetch-backing process is applied onto the resist mask so as to expose apart of the second yoke portion. Thus, the resist mask is self-alignedin intimate contact with an outer edge of the second yoke portionwithout misalignment of the resist mask or a gap between the resist maskand the outer edge of the second yoke portion. In the subsequent etchingprocess, consequently, there is no possibility that the outer edge ofthe second yoke portion might be attacked by an etching means such asion beams and so, a high-accuracy pattern of the second yoke portion isformed.

The second yoke portion comprises a wide portion and a flare portiongradually decreasing in width toward a narrow portion, which forms thesecond pole portion. In the present invention, the etch-backing processon the resist mask also provides the resist mask self-aligned inintimate contact with the aforesaid flare portion without misalignmentof the resist mask or a gap between the resist mask and the flareportion and so, in the subsequent etching process, there is nopossibility that the outer edge of the flare portion might be attackedby an etching means such as ion beams. Thus, it is possible to preventvariations in a flare point, which is between the flare portion and thenarrow portion. This assures a constant minimal value of the distancefrom the ABS to the flare point in a thin film magnetic head andconsequently assures the over-write characteristic.

The resist mask has an opening on the narrow portion, which forms thesecond pole portion, and an etching process is applied through theopening to a part of the magnetic film and/or a part of the gap filmthat are in the opening. The etching process on the narrow portionprovides a thin film magnetic head of a high areal recording densitytype having a narrow track width of 0.1 to 0.2 μm.

The above etching process or a subsequent additional etching processproduces etching indentations on both sides of the narrow portion. Inthis etching process, a magnetic film that is one of magnetic filmsforming the first pole portion and is adjacent to the gap film, isetched so that not all portions of the magnetic film are etched and onthe bottoms of the etching indentations, a base portion of the magneticfilm is left. In case of using Ion Beam Etching as an etching means, byselected irradiation angles of ion beams and the geometric structure ofthe narrow portion, said magnetic film is etched so as to have anarrowed portion and a base portion left on the bottoms, the baseportion increasing in thickness toward the narrowed portion. Thisstructure make it possible to both keep a narrowed track width and allowa sufficient sectional area of the magnetic film adjacent to the gapfilm. Consequently, magnetic saturation in the magnetic film isprevented and so, over-write characteristic is improved.

Specifically, the second yoke portion may comprise a second magneticfilm and a third magnetic film. In case of this structure, themanufacturing method includes the steps of: before forming the resistmask, forming the second magnetic film in an uniform thickness adjacentto the gap film; and thereafter forming the third magnetic film on thesecond magnetic film.

Moreover, the manufacturing method may include the steps of: afterforming the third magnetic film, forming the resist mask on the thirdmagnetic film; and thereafter performing the above-mentionedetch-backing process. The manufacturing method may include the step of:after forming the third magnetic film and before forming the resistmask, etching the second magnetic film by using the third magnetic filmas a mask.

Moreover, the manufacturing method may include the steps of: afteretching through the opening a part of the magnetic film and/or a part ofthe gap film that are in the opening, removing the resist mask; andthereafter etching a magnetic film that is to form the first poleportion by using as a mask a magnetic film that is to form the secondpole portion.

The above-mentioned etch-backing process to etch-back the resist maskmay comprise one of a dry-etching process with an O₂-mixed plasma, adry-etching process with one of halogen-based plasma andchlorofluorocarbon-based plasma, an isotropic dry-etching process and ananisotropic dry-etching process.

A magnetic film that is one of magnetic films forming the first poleportion and is adjacent to the gap film, is preferably made of amagnetic material containing Co and Fe and more specifically, is made ofCoFe or CoFeN. CoFe or CoFeN is an HiBs material of 2 to 2.4 T insaturation magnetic flux density, which is suitable for a track width of0.1 to 0.2 μm and a high areal recording density of 100 Gb/p or more.The magnetic film adjacent to the gap film may be formed as a sputteringfilm of FeN, CoFe or CoFeN. Also, in the second pole portion, a magneticfilm adjacent to the gap film is preferably made of the above-mentionedmagnetic material.

It is preferable that the resist mask has a wall of the above-mentionedopening perpendicular to the surface of the magnetic film. Such apattern of the resist mask makes it possible to completely cover a flarepoint in the second yoke portion with the resist mask and position anedge of the resist mask far away from the ABS. Consequently, in an ionmilling process, deposit of a metal constituent on the pole isprevented.

The present invention further discloses a magnetic head devicecomprising a thin film magnetic head and a head supporting devicecombined with each other, and a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatuscomprising this magnetic head device and a magnetic recording medium(hard disk) combined with each other.

Other objects, structures and advantages of the present invention aredescribed in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. Thedrawings are only exemplifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a thin film magnetic head according to thepresent invention, seen from the ABS side;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the thin film magnetic head shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 3 is a magnified sectional view of an electromagnetic converterportion of the thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the electromagnetic converter portion shown inFIG. 3, seen from the ABS side;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a write element part cut out fromthe electromagnetic converter portion shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a coil structure of the write element partin the electromagnetic converter portion shown in FIGS. 3 to 5;

FIG. 7 is a magnified sectional view of another embodiment of anelectromagnetic converter portion of a thin film magnetic head accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of the electromagnetic converter portion shown inFIG. 7, seen from the ABS side;

FIG. 9 is a magnified sectional view of still another embodiment of anelectromagnetic converter portion of a thin film magnetic head accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of the electromagnetic converter portion shown inFIG. 9, seen from the ABS side;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a process of manufacturing a thin filmmagnetic head having the electromagnetic converter portion shown inFIGS. 3 to 6;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.11;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.12;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.13;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.14;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.15;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.16;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.17;

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.18;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.19;

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.20;

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.21;

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.22;

FIG. 24 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 23, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.23 and 24;

FIG. 26 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 25, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of the process shown in FIG. 25;

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.25 to 27;

FIG. 29 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 28, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the process shown in FIGS. 28 and 29,the perspective view showing a write element part cut out;

FIG. 31 is a plan view of the process shown in FIGS. 28 to 30;

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.28 to 31;

FIG. 33 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 32, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.32 and 33;

FIG. 35 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 34, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing details of the process shown in FIGS. 34and 35;

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a conventional process;

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a pattern of a second yoke portion obtainedthrough the process shown in FIG. 36;

FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a pattern of a second yoke portion obtainedthrough the conventional process shown in FIG. 37;

FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a process of manufacturing a thin filmmagnetic head shown in FIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.40;

FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.41;

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.42;

FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.43;

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.44;

FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.45;

FIG. 47 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.46;

FIG. 48 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.47;

FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.48;

FIG. 50 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.49;

FIG. 51 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.50;

FIG. 52 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 51, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 53 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.51 and 52;

FIG. 54 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 53, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 55 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.53 and 54;

FIG. 56 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 55, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 57 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.55 and 56;

FIG. 58 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 57, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 59 is a diagram showing a process of manufacturing a thin filmmagnetic head shown in FIGS. 9 and 10;

FIG. 60 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.59;

FIG. 61 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.60;

FIG. 62 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 61, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIGS.61 and 62;

FIG. 64 is a view of the process shown in FIG. 63, seen from the ABSside;

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing a process after the process shown in FIG.64;

FIG. 66 is a front view of a magnetic head device using a thin filmmagnetic head according to the present invention;

FIG. 67 is a view of the magnetic head device shown in FIG. 66, seenfrom the bottom side (ABS side); and

FIG. 68 is a perspective view roughly showing a magneticrecording/reproducing apparatus having a magnetic head device comprisinga thin film magnetic head according to the present invention and amagnetic recording medium combined with one another.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

1. Thin Film Magnetic Head

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, a thin film magnetic head according to thepresent invention comprises a slider 5, a write element 2 and a readelement 3. The slider 5 is, for example, a ceramic structure having abase body 15 made of Al₂O₃—TiC or the like with an insulating film 16 ofAl₂O₃, SiO₂ or the like provided on the surface thereof (see FIG. 3).The slider 5 has a geometrical shape for controlling a floatingcharacteristic in the surface facing a medium. As a representativeexample of such a geometrical shape, there is shown an example beingprovided with a first step part 51, a second step part 52, a third steppart 53, a fourth step part 54 and a fifth step part 55 on a base face50 at the ABS side. The base face 50 becomes a negative pressuregenerating portion to the air flowing direction shown by the arrow F1,the second step part 52 and the third step part 53 form a step-shapedair bearing rising from the first step part 51. The surfaces of thesecond step part 52 and the third step part 53 form an ABS. The fourthstep part 54 stands up in the shape of a step from the base face 50 andthe fifth step part 55 stands up in the shape of a step from the fourthstep part 54. Electromagnetic converter elements 2 and 3 are provided inthe fifth step part 55.

The electromagnetic converter elements 2 and 3 comprise a write element2 and a read element 3. The write element 2 and the read element 3 areprovided at the air flowing-out end (trailing edge) side when seeing inthe air flowing direction F1.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the write element 2 comprises a first yokeportion 211, a second yoke portion (221, 222), a gap film 24 made ofalumina or the like, a first pole portion P1, a second pole portion P2,a first coil 231 and a second coil 232. The first yoke portion 211 isformed of a first magnetic film. In the illustrated embodiment, as thefirst yoke portion 211 is formed of a first magnetic film of one layer,the first yoke portion 211 has the same meaning as the first magneticfilm. For simplification, the following description may sometimesrepresent the first yoke portion 211 as the first magnetic film 211.

The first magnetic film 211 is supported by an insulating film 34 andits surface is made substantially flat. The insulating film 34 is madeof an inorganic insulating material such as Al₂O₃, SiO₂, AlN or DLC.

The second yoke portion (221, 222) faces the first yoke portion 211 withan inner gap between the second yoke portions and the inner gap. In theillustrated embodiment, the second yoke portion (221, 222) has astructure in which a second magnetic film 221 and a third magnetic film222 are stacked. For simplification of the description, the second yokeportion (221, 222) may be sometimes represented as the second magneticfilm 221 and the third magnetic film 222.

The first magnetic film 211, the second magnetic film 221 and the thirdmagnetic film 222 can be made of one or more magnetic materials selectedfrom NiFe, CoFe, CoFeN, CoNiFe, FeN, FeZrN and the like. Each of thefirst magnetic film 211, the second magnetic film 221 and the thirdmagnetic film 222 is determined within a range of 0.25 to 3 μm inthickness, for example. Such first magnetic film 211, second magneticfilm 221 and third magnetic film 222 can be formed by a frame-platingmethod.

In the illustrated embodiment, it is assumed that the first magneticfilm 211 is made of CoFeN or CoNiFe. The third magnetic film 222 can bemade of CoNiFe, and the second magnetic film 221 can be made of CoFeNbeing high in saturation magnetic flux density.

The front end portions of the first magnetic film 211, the thirdmagnetic film 222 and the second magnetic film 221 form parts of thefirst pole portion P1 and the second pole portion P2 opposite each otherwith a very thin gap film 24, and a write operation is performed in thefirst pole portion P1 and the second pole portion P2. The gap film 24 ismade of a non-magnetic metal film or an inorganic insulating film suchas alumina.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first pole portion P1 has a structurein which a second pole piece 212, a third pole piece 213 and a fourthpole piece 214 are deposited in this order on a first pole piece formedof an end portion of the first magnetic film 211. The second pole piece212, the third pole piece 213 and the fourth pole piece 214 are made ofan HiBs material such as CoFeN or CoNiFe.

The second pole portion P2 has a structure in which a fifth pole pieceformed of an end portion of the second magnetic film 221 and a sixthpole piece 224 formed of an end portion of the third magnetic film 222are deposited in this order on the gap film 24.

Referring to FIG. 4, the end portion of the first magnetic film 211, thesecond pole piece 212 and the third pole piece 213 spread in the trackwidth direction of the ABS. However, the fourth pole piece 214 has theupper end portion narrowed at both sides in the track width direction toproduce a narrow track width PW (see FIG. 4), and the gap film 24deposited thereon, the fifth pole piece formed of the end portion of thesecond magnetic film 221 and a sixth pole piece 224 formed of the endportion of the third magnetic film 222 have also nearly the same narrowtrack width PW as the fourth pole piece 214. Consequently, the narrowtrack width PW for high-density recording is obtained.

The third magnetic film 222 and the second magnetic film 221 extend tothe rear side of the ABS 52, 53 as keeping an inner gap between thefirst magnetic film 211 and them, and are connected to the firstmagnetic film 211 by back gap pieces 216, 217 and 218.

In the illustrated embodiment, the inner gap is filled up withinsulating films 254 to 256 and the gap film 24, and the second yokeportion comprised of the second magnetic film 221 and the third magneticfilm 222 is formed on the gap film 24.

The second yoke portion comprised of the second magnetic film 221 andthe third magnetic film 222 comprises a wide portion 223 and a narrowportion 224. The wide portion 223 has a flat surface and is connected tothe first magnetic film 211 by the back gap portion (216 to 218) that isrecessed in the thin film magnetic head from the ABS 52, 53.Consequently, a write magnetic circuit going through the first magneticfilm 211, the back gap portion (216 to 218), the second magnetic film221, the third magnetic film 222 and a write gap film 24 is formed. Thenarrow portion 224 forms the second pole portion P2.

In the first pole portion P1, a magnetic film adjacent to the gap film24, i.e. the fourth pole piece 214 is etched at both sides in widthdirection so as to have a narrowed portion having substantially the samewidth as the second pole portion P2. A base portion (S1, S2), which isleft on bottoms of indentations formed on both sides of the narrowedportion by etching and is connected to the narrowed portion, increasesin thickness toward the narrowed portion. This structure makes itpossible to avoid magnetic saturation in the fourth pole piece 214adjacent to the gap film 24, and consequently improve the over-writecharacteristic. In the illustrated embodiment, the base portion (S1, S2)has gently sloping surfaces. The base portion may, however, be formednot to have gently sloping surfaces.

The fourth pole piece 214 adjacent to the gap film 24 is made of amagnetic material containing Co and Fe and, more specifically, is madeof CoFe or CoFeN. CoFe or CoFeN is an HiBs material of 2 to 2.4 T insaturation magnetic flux density. The fourth pole piece 214 may beformed as a sputtering film of FeN, CoFe or CoFeN. Also, in the secondpole portion P2, the second magnetic film 221 adjacent to the gap film24 is preferably made of the above-mentioned magnetic material.

Consequently, it is possible to achieve a thin film magnetic head havinga track width PW of 0.1 to 0.2 μm and suitable for a high arealrecording density of 100 Gb/p or more.

In the illustrated embodiment, the coil comprises a first coil 231 and asecond coil 232. The first and second coils 231 and 232 surround in aspiral form the back gap portion (216 to 218) on a first insulating film251 formed on the flat surface of the first magnetic film 211, whichforms the first yoke portion. One of the first and second coils 231 and232 is fitted into the space between coil turns of the other, insulatedfrom the coil turns of the other by a second insulating film 252, andthe first and second coils 231 and 232 are connected to each other so asto generate magnetic flux in the same direction.

The second insulating film 252 between the first coil 231 and the secondcoil 232 can be formed as a very thin Al₂O₃ film of about 0.1 μm inthickness by applying chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter, referredto as CVD) or the like. Therefore, it is possible to maximize sectionalareas of the first and second coils 231 and 232 between the back gapportion (216 to 218) and the first pole portion P1, and consequentlydecrease the resistance of the coils and the quantity of generated heatas keeping the number of coil turns. This makes it possible to suppressoccurrence of a thermal protrusion in the pole portions P1 and P2, andconsequently avoid a head crash and the damage or destruction of amagnetic record on a magnetic recording medium and meet a demand for alow floating height for a high recording density.

As one of the first and second coils 231 and 232 is fitted into thespace between coil turns of the other, insulated from the coil turns ofthe other by the second insulating film 252, a high wiring density ofcoil conductors is achieved. This makes it possible to shorten the yokelength YL as keeping the same number of coil turns.

The first coil 231 and the second coil 232 are connected to each otherso as to generate magnetic flux in the same direction. As the first andsecond coils 231 and 232 are the same in winding direction, it ispossible to generate magnetic flux in the same direction by making aseries-connection structure in which the inner end of the first coil 231is connected to the outer end of the second coil 232. Alternatively,magnetic flux may be generated in the same direction by connecting thefirst coil 231 to the second coil 232 in parallel. The parallelconnection offers a reduction in coil resistance though a decrease inthe number of coil turns.

In the illustrated embodiment, the upper surfaces of the first coil 231and the second coil 232 form the same plane. This structure makes itpossible to form the common insulating film 254 on the upper surfaces ofthe first and second coils 231 and 232, which offers simplification ofan insulating structure on the upper surfaces of the first and secondcoils 231 and 232. And this structure provides a stable base for forminganother coil above the first and second coils 231 and 232, so saidanother coil can be formed as a high-accuracy pattern.

In case of providing another coil on the first and second coils 231 and232, the upper surfaces of the second pole piece 212 and the back gappiece 216 are also made to form the same plane as the upper surfaces ofthe first and second coils 231 and 232 in addition to flattening theupper surfaces of the first and second coils 231 and 232. By doing so, apole piece and a back gap piece required for providing another coil canbe formed as a high-accuracy pattern on the flattened upper surfaces ofthe second pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216.

Next, referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, the first and second coils 231 and 232surround the back gap portion (216 to 218). The first coil 231 is in aspiral shape and is formed on the surface of the insulating film 251formed on the flat surface of the first magnetic film 211, and thepattern of the first coil 231 is wound in a flat form around an axisperpendicular to the surface of the insulating film 251. The first coil231 is made of a conductive metal material such as Cu (copper). Theinsulating film 251 is made of an inorganic insulating material such asAl₂O₃, SiO₂, AlN or DLC.

The second coil 232 is also in a spiral shape and is fitted into thespace between coil turns of the first coil 231, insulated from the coilturns by the insulating film 252, and the pattern of the second coil 232is wound in a flat form around the axis. The second coil 232 is alsomade of a conductive metal material such as Cu (copper). The insulatingfilm 252 is made of an inorganic insulating material such as Al₂O₃,SiO₂, AlN or DLC.

The periphery of the first coil 231 and the second coil 232 is filled upwith an insulating film 253 (see FIG. 3). The insulating film 253 isalso made of an inorganic insulating material such as Al₂O₃, SiO₂, AlNor DLC.

The insulating film 252 between the first coil 231 and the second coil232 can be formed as a very thin Al₂O₃ film of about 0.1 μm in thicknessby applying a CVD process or the like. Therefore, it is possible tomaximize the first coil 231 and the second coil 232 in sectional area,and consequently decrease the coil resistance and the quantity ofgenerated heat as keeping the number of coil turns. This makes itpossible to suppress occurrence of a thermal protrusion in the poleportions P1, P2 during a write operation, and consequently avoid a headcrash, damage and destruction of a magnetic record on a magneticrecording medium and meet a demand for a low floating height for a highrecording density.

As the second coil 232 is fitted into the space between coil turns ofthe first coil 231, insulated from the coil turns by the insulating film252, high wiring density of coil conductors is achieved. This makes itpossible to shorten the yoke length YL (see FIG. 3) as keeping the samenumber of coil turns and so, the high-frequency characteristic isimproved.

The first coil 231 and the second coil 232 are connected to each otherso as to generate magnetic flux in the same direction. As the first coil231 and the second coil 232 have the same winding direction, it ispossible to generate the magnetic flux in the same direction by making aseries-connection structure in which the inner end 281 of the first coil231 and the outer end 283 of the second coil 232 are connected to eachother by a connecting conductor 282. The outer end 286 of the first coil231 is connected to a terminal 284 by a connecting conductor 285, ledoutside by a lead conductor 291 and connected to a takeout electrode.The inner end 287 of the second coil 232 is connected to a terminal 289by a connecting conductor 288, led outside by a lead conductor 292 andconnected to a takeout electrode.

Unlike the structure shown in FIG. 6, magnetic flux may be generated inthe same direction by connecting the first coil 231 and the second coil232 in parallel with each other. The parallel connection offers areduction in coil resistance though a decrease in the number of coilturns.

Moreover, the second coil 232 is separated from the second pole piece212 and the back gap piece 216 by the insulating film 252 which can beformed as a very thin film of about 0.1 μm in thickness by applying CVDor the like. This makes it possible to promote shortening of the yokelength YL.

The upper surfaces of the first coil 231 and the second coil 232 formthe same plane. This structure makes it possible to form a commoninsulating film 254 on the upper surfaces of the first coil 231 and thesecond coil 232 and so, an insulating structure on the upper surfaces ofthe first coil 231 and the second coil 232 is simplified. And thisstructure makes it possible to form a flat and stable base face on thefirst coil 231 and the second coil 232 and thereafter form ahigh-accuracy pattern.

In this case, the first coil 231 is a plating film and is formed on aninsulating film 251 deposited on one surface of the first magnetic film211. The second coil 232 is also a plating film and is formed on aninsulating film 252 in the space between coil turns of the first coil231. The insulating film 252 is formed on the bottom face and both sidefaces of the aforesaid space.

A protective film 258 covers the whole write element 2. The protectivefilm 258 is made of an inorganic material such as Al₂O₃ or SiO₂.

In the vicinity of the read element 3, there are provided a first shieldfilm 31, an insulating film 32 and a second shield film 33. The firstshield film 31 and the second shield film 33 are made of NiFe or thelike. The first shield film 31 is formed on an insulating film 16 madeof Al₂O₃, SiO₂ or the like. The insulating film 16 is formed on thesurface of a base body 15 made of Al₂O₃—TiC or the like.

The read element 3 is provided inside the insulating film 32 between thefirst shield film 31 and the second shield film 33. The end face of theread element 3 comes out at the ABS 52, 53. The read element 3 comprisesa giant magneto-resistance effect element (GMR element). The GMR elementcan be formed of a spin valve film or a ferromagnetic tunnel junctionelement.

Next, another embodiment of a thin film magnetic head according to thepresent invention is described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. In FIGS.7 and 8, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are giventhe same reference symbols. A thin film magnetic head of the illustratedembodiment has the same basic structure as the thin film magnetic headshown in FIGS. 1 to 6.

One of differences between a thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 7and 8 and the thin film magnetic head illustrated and described in FIGS.1 to 6 is that in the thin film magnetic film shown in FIGS. 7 and 8,conductive layers 282 to 285 are deposited on the inner end 281 of thefirst coil 231 and a connecting conductor for connecting the first coil231 to the second coil 232 is formed. The conductive layers 282 to 285are respectively formed and patterned by the same processes as those ofthe third pole piece 213, the fourth pole piece 214, the second magneticfilm 221 and the third magnetic film 222.

Consequently, the thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 has theadvantage of simplifying a process of forming a connecting conductor forconnecting the first coil 231 to the second coil 232, in addition to theadvantages in the thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.

Still another embodiment of a thin film magnetic head according to thepresent invention is described with reference to FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, thesame components as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are given the samereference symbols. A thin film magnetic head of the illustratedembodiment has the same basic structure as the thin film magnetic headshown in FIGS. 1 to 6.

One of differences between a thin film magnetic film shown in FIG. 9 andthe thin film magnetic head illustrated and described in FIGS. 1 to 6 isthat in the thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, conductivelayers 282 to 284 are deposited on the inner end 281 of the first coil231 and a connecting conductor for connecting the first coil 231 to thesecond coil 232 is formed. The conductive layers 282 to 284 arerespectively formed and patterned by the same processes as those of thethird pole piece 213, the second magnetic film 221 and the thirdmagnetic film 222. The thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS. 9 and 10has the advantage of simplifying a process of forming a connectingconductor for connecting the first coil 231 to the second coil 232, inaddition to the advantages of the thin film magnetic head shown in FIGS.1 to 6.

Another difference is that the head of FIGS. 9 and 10 has only the firstcoil 231, the space between coil turns of the first coil 231 beingfilled with the insulating film 252, the insulating film 252 beingcovered with an insulating film 254.

2. Method for Manufacturing a Thin Film Magnetic Head

(1) EMBODIMENT 1

Embodiment 1 relating to a manufacturing method is a method formanufacturing a thin film magnetic head of a first aspect having a firstcoil 231 and a second coil 232 (FIGS. 1 to 6). It is notified in advancethat processes illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 35 are performed on a wafer.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 11>

Referring to FIG. 11, on an insulating film 16 deposited on a base body15 there are formed a first shield film 31, a read element 3, aninsulating film 32, a second shield film 33, an insulating film 34 and afirst magnetic film 211 by means of publicly known processes.

In a specific example, the insulating film 16 is an alumina film, formedin a thickness of 3 μm or the like. The first shield film 31 is made ofa magnetic material such as NiFe, formed 2 to 3 μm thick by aframe-plating method. The insulating film 32 is, in general, formed bytwo steps: in the first step, an alumina film of 3 to 4 μm in thicknessis formed and after that, the surface of the alumina film is flattenedby CMP and then an GMR element 3 to be a read element is formed; and inthe second step, an alumina film covering the GMR element 3 is formed.The second shield film 33 is made of a magnetic material such as NiFe,formed 2 to 3 μm thick. The insulating film 34 is formed as an aluminafilm of 0.2 to 0.3 μm in thickness.

The first magnetic film 211 is made of CoNiFe (2.1T) or CoFeN (2.4T),formed 3.0 to 4.0 μm thick. On an end to be the first pole piece, of thefirst magnetic film 211, there may be formed a plating film of NiFe(80%:20%) or NiFe (45%:55%), or a sputtering film of FeAlN, FeN, FeCo,CoFeN or FeZrN, with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.6 μm.

After that, an insulating film 251 is formed, for example, 0.2 μm thickon the flat surface of the first magnetic film 211, the insulating film251 having an area slightly larger than an area necessary for forming acoil, and then a seed film 260 is formed on the insulating film 251. Theseed film 260 is formed so as to cover the surface of the insulatingfilm 251 and the surface of the first magnetic film 211. The seed film260 is made of a material suitable for a Cu-plating ground and formed 50nm to 80 nm thick by a Cu-CVD process.

Next, a photoresist film is formed on the seed film 260 by applying aspin coating method or the like, and then is exposed through a maskhaving a coil pattern, and developed. Consequently, a resist framehaving a specified pattern is formed. The photoresist film may be eitherpositive photoresist or negative photoresist.

Next, a selective Cu-plating process is performed so that a first coil231 is grown to be 3 to 3.5 μm thick on the seed film 260 inside thecoil forming pattern. FIG. 11 shows a state in which the above-mentionedselective Cu-plating process has been performed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 12>

Next, a photolithography process for forming a second pole piece 212 anda back gap piece 216 is performed so that a resist frame for forming thesecond pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216 is formed.

Next, a selective plating process is performed so that the second polepiece 212 and the back gap piece 216 are formed on the first magneticfilm 211, and then the resist frame is removed by means of chemicaletching or the like. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 12, the second polepiece 212 and the back gap piece 216 are formed with a space betweenthem on one surface of the first magnetic film 211. The second polepiece 212 and the back gap piece 216 are, for example, made of CoNiFe(1.9 to 2.1T) and formed 3.5 to 4.0 μm thick.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 13>

As shown in FIG. 13, a photoresist film RS2 covering the first coil 231,the pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216 is formed. After that, adry-etching such as reactive ion etching (hereinafter, referred to asRIE) or ion beam etching (hereinafter, referred to as IBE) is appliedonto the first magnetic film 211, using the photoresist film RS2 as amask, so as to pattern the first magnetic film 211.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 14>

A photolithography process is applied onto the photoresist film RS2 inthe state of FIG. 13, so that a resist cover FR2 covering the first coil231 and periphery thereof is formed as shown in FIG. 14, and then aninsulating film 253 covering the whole resist cover FR2 is depositedthereon. The insulating film 253 is formed 4 to 5 μm in thickness. FIG.14 shows a state in which the insulating film 253 has been formed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 15>

Next, the insulating film 253 and the resist cover FR2 are polished andflattened by chemical mechanical polishing (hereinafter, referred to asCMP). Alumina-based slurry is used in the CMP. FIG. 15 shows a state inwhich the CMP process has been performed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 16>

Next, the resist cover FR2 is removed and then, an insulating film 252of 0.1 to 0.15 μm in thickness is deposited on the surfaces and sidefaces of the insulating films 251 and 253, the first coil 231, thesecond pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216. When the insulatingfilm 252 is formed as an Al₂O₃ film, it is possible to adopt analumina-CVD film forming method of spraying Al(CH₃)₃ and AlCl₃ in analternate and intermittent way under a low-pressure atmosphere of H₂O,N₂, N₂O or H₂O₂.

Moreover, a seed film 261 is deposited on the surface of the insulatingfilm 252 by Cu-CVD. For example, the seed film 261 is obtained bysputtering Cu to form a Cu film of 50 nm in thickness and applying CVDthereon to form a Cu film of 50 nm in thickness. This method providesfilm-forming with an excellent step coverage in a small area.

Next, a plating film 232 to be a second coil is formed, for example, 3to 4 μm thick on the seed film 261. The plating film 232 comprises Cu asits main constituent. FIG. 16 shows a state in which the plating film232 has been formed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 17>

Next, as shown in FIG. 17, the plating film 232 is polished andflattened by CMP. Consequently, the second coil 232 of a spiral patternis obtained, insulated from the first coil 231 by the insulating film252. After the CMP, the second coil 232 becomes 2.5 to 3.0 μm thick, forexample. In the CMP, the surfaces of the second pole piece 212, the backgap piece 216 and the insulating film 253 are also polished so as toform the same plane as the surfaces of the first coil 231 and the secondcoil 232.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 18>

Next, an insulating film 254 covering the surfaces of the first coil 231and the second coil 232 is deposited thereon. The insulating film 254 ismade of Al₂O₃, formed 0.2 μm thick, for example.

Next, a photolithography process is performed on one surface where theinsulating film 254 has been formed, so that a resist frame for forminga connecting conductor 282 for connecting the inner end 281 of the firstcoil 231 with the outer end 283 of the second coil 232 (see FIG. 6) anda resist frame for forming a third pole piece 213 and a back gap piece217 (see FIG. 7) are formed. According to the patterns defined by theresist frames thus obtained, a frame-plating method is performed.Consequently, as shown in FIG. 18, the connecting conductor 282, thethird pole piece 213 and the back gap piece 217 are formed. Theconnecting conductor 282, the third pole piece 213 and the back gappiece 217 each are plating films of CoFe or CoNiFe and are 1 to 2 μmthick, for example.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 19>

Next, an insulating film 255 of Al₂O₃ is deposited on the surface wherethe connecting conductor 282, the third pole piece 213 and the back gappiece 217 have been formed. The insulating film 255 is deposited 2 to 3μm thick, for example. After that, the surfaces of the insulating film255, the third pole piece 213, the back gap piece 217 and the connectingconductor 282 are polished by CMP. This CMP is performed so that thepole piece 213 and the back gap piece 217 become 0.2 to 0.6 μm thick.FIG. 19 shows a state in which the CMP has been performed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 20>

Next, as shown in FIG. 20, a magnetic film 214 to be a fourth pole piece214 (see FIG. 3) is formed by sputtering on the polished surfaces of theinsulating film 255, the third pole piece 213 and the back gap piece217. The magnetic film 214 is formed 0.5 to 1 μm thick, for example. Themagnetic film 214 can be made of CoFeN (2.4 T), FeAlN, FeN, FeCo orFeZrN. In this embodiment, the magnetic film 214 is made of CoFeN (2.4T). Moreover, a pattern-plating film 250 of NiFe, CoNiFe or the like isformed by a frame-plating method on the surface of the magnetic film214. The pattern-plating films 250 are formed right above the back gappieces 216 and 217 and right above the third pole piece 213.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 21>

Next, as shown in FIG. 21, the magnetic film 214 is etched by ion beamusing the pattern-plating film 250 as a mask.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 22>

Next, an insulating film 256 of alumina or the like is deposited 2 to 3μm thick by sputtering and then, the insulating film 256 is polished andflattened by CMP to such a position that the pattern-plating film 250 isremoved. FIG. 22 shows a state in which this CMP process has beenperformed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 23 and 24>

Next, a gap film 24 is formed 0.06 to 0.1 μm thick on the flattenedsurface obtained by CMP. The gap film 24 is made of a non-magnetic metalmaterial such as Ru, for example, and can be formed by sputtering or thelike.

After that, a second magnetic film 221 is formed on the surface of thegap film 24 and the flattened surface. The second magnetic film 221 ismade of an HiBs material. Specifically, CoFe and CoFeN are particularlysuitable among HiBs materials such as FeAlN, FeN, CoFe, CoFeN and FeZrN.The second magnetic film 221 is formed, for example, 0.3 to 0.6 μm thickand is to be used as a seed film in the subsequent plating process forforming a third magnetic film.

After that, the third magnetic film 222 is formed by a frame-platingmethod using the second magnetic film 221 as a seed film. The thirdmagnetic film 222 is made of NiFe (composition ratio, 55:45), CoNiFe(composition ratio, approximately 67:15:18, 1.9 T to 2.1 T), CoFe(composition ratio, 40:60, 2.3 T) or the like. The third magnetic film222 is 3.5 to 4.0 μm thick. The third magnetic film 222 is formed so asto have a wide portion 223 and a narrow portion 224. The wide portion223 forms the second yoke portion and the narrow portion 224 forms thesecond pole portion. FIGS. 23 and 24 shows a state in which the thirdmagnetic film 222 has been formed.

After that, the second magnetic film 221, which has been used as a seedfilm, is etched by ion milling, using the third magnetic film 222 as amask. In this etching, irradiation angles of ion beams are within arange of 30 to 45 degrees.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 25 to 27>

Next, as shown in FIGS. 25 to 27, the whole wide portion 223 except thenarrow portion 224 of the third magnetic film 222 is covered with aresist mask FR3. The resist mask FR3 is deposited 5 to 7 μm thick. Theresist mask FR3 is formed to be convex on the third magnetic film 222and also spread above the first coil 231 and the second coil 232.

Referring to FIG. 27, the yoke portion comprises a wide portion 223 anda flare portion 225 gradually decreasing in width toward a narrowportion 224, which forms the second pole portion. The resist mask FR3 isformed so as to have an edge perpendicular to the surface of the narrowportion 224 in the vicinity of a flare point FP 1 or a throat heightzero. In the illustrated embodiment, a rise point of the resist mask FR3is at the flare point FP1, but the rise point may be at the vicinity ofthe flare point FP1 in the rear of the ABS.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 28 to 31>

Next, as shown in FIGS. 28 to 31, the resist mask FR3 is etch-backed soas to expose the surface of the third magnetic film 222, which forms thesecond yoke portion. The etch-backing process to etch-back the resistmask FR3 may comprise a dry-etching process with an O₂-mixed plasma, oran isotropic or anisotropic dry-etching process with halogen-based orchlorofluorocarbon-based plasma ashing. These etching processes providedry-etching with excellent flatness. Aforesaid anisotropic dry-etchingprocess is performed by using O₂ gas, or halogen-based gas such aschlorofluorocarbon-based gas, e.g. SF₄ or SF₆.

By the etch-backing process, the resist mask FR3 is self-aligned inintimate contact with outer circumferential edges of the second andthird magnetic films 221 and 222 without misalignment of the resist maskFR3 or a gap between the resist mask FR3 and the outer circumferentialedges. In the subsequent etching process, consequently, there is nopossibility that the outer circumferential edges of the second and thirdmagnetic films 221 and 222 might be attacked by an etching means such asion beams and so, a high-accuracy pattern of the second yoke portion,which is formed of the second and third magnetic films 221 and 222, isobtained.

As shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, the second and third magnetic films 221 and222 comprise a wide portion 223 and a flare portion 225 graduallydecreasing in width toward a narrow portion 224, which forms the secondpole portion. In the present invention, the resist mask FR3 is alsoself-aligned in intimate contact with the flare portion 225 withoutmisalignment of the resist mask FR3 or a gap between the resist mask FR3and the flare portion 225 and so, in the subsequent etching process,there is no possibility that the outer edge of the flare portion 225might be attacked by an etching means such as ion beams. Thus, it ispossible to prevent variations in a flare point FP1, which is betweenthe flare portion 225 and the narrow portion 224. This assures aconstant minimal value of the distance from the ABS to the flare pointFP1 in a thin film magnetic head and consequently assures the over-writecharacteristic.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 32 and 33>

Next, as shown in 32 and 33, an etching process is applied through theopening of the resist mask FR3 to parts of the magnetic films 221, 222and/or a part of the gap film 24 that are in the opening. The opening ofthe resist mask FR3 has been formed on the narrow portion 224, whichforms the second pole portion. The etching process is performed toexpose a surface of the fourth pole piece 214, which forms the firstpole portion.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 34 and 35>

After the process shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the resist mask FR3 isremoved and then additional pole etching is performed by IBE.Consequently, the state of FIGS. 34 and 35 is obtained.

Aforesaid additional etching process produces etching indentations onboth sides of the narrow portion 224. In this etching process, themagnetic film 214 (fourth pole piece) that is one of magnetic films 211to 214 forming the first pole portion P1 and is adjacent to the gap film24, is etched so that not all portions of the magnetic film 214 areetched and on the bottoms of the etching indentations, a base portion(S1, S2) of the magnetic film 214 is left. In case of using IBE as anetching means, by selected irradiation angles of ion beams and thegeometric structure of the narrow portion 224, the magnetic film 214 isetched so as to have a narrowed portion and a base portion (S1, S2) lefton the bottoms, the base portion (S1, S2) increasing in thickness towardthe narrowed portion. This structure make it possible to both keep anarrowed track width and allow a sufficient sectional area of themagnetic film 214 adjacent to the gap film 24. Consequently, magneticsaturation in the magnetic film is prevented and so, over-writecharacteristic is improved.

After that, a protective film 258 made of alumina or the like (see FIGS.3 and 4) is deposited 20 to 40 μm thick and the manufacturing process isfinished. After that, publicly known post-processes of cutting out athin film magnetic head from the wafer, polishing for determining athroat height, processing ABS and the like are performed.

Now, advantages of a trimming method according to the present inventionare described in comparison with a conventional trimming method.

FIG. 36 is a plan view showing a trimming method according to thepresent invention, and FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a state in which thetrimming shown in FIG. 36 has been performed. Referring to FIG. 36, theetch-backing process described above provides the resist mask FR3self-aligned in intimate contact with the outer circumferential edge ofthe third magnetic film 221 forming the second yoke, withoutmisalignment of the resist mask FR3 or a gap between the resist mask FR3and the outer circumferential edge. In the subsequent etching process,consequently, there is no possibility that the outer circumferentialedge of the third magnetic film 222 might be attacked by an etchingmeans such as ion beams and so, a high-accuracy pattern of the thirdmagnetic film 221, is obtained.

The third magnetic film 222 comprises a wide portion 223 and a flareportion 225 gradually decreasing in width toward a narrow portion 224,which forms the second pole portion. In the present invention, theresist mask FR3 is also self-aligned in intimate contact with the flareportion 225 without misalignment of the resist mask FR3 or a gap betweenthe resist mask FR3 and the flare portion 225 and so, in the subsequentetching process, there is no possibility that the outer edge of theflare portion 225 might be attacked by an etching means such as ionbeams. Thus, it is possible to prevent variations in the flare pointFP1, which is between the flare portion 225 and the narrow portion 224.This assures a constant minimal value of the distance A from the ABS tothe flare point FP1 in a thin film magnetic head and consequentlyassures the over-write characteristic.

FIG. 37 is a plan view showing a conventional trimming method and FIG.39 is a plan view showing a state in which the trimming of FIG. 37 hasbeen performed. In the conventional trimming method shown in FIG. 37, atrimming mask FR3 is formed so as to surround a third magnetic film 222to be an upper yoke portion and cover a coil portion.

Due to the form of the trimming mask FR3, ion beams trim a flare portion225, which gradually increases in width from the narrow portion 224 tobe the upper pole portion to the wide portion 223 to be the upper yoke,so that the flare point FP1, at which the third magnetic film 222 beginsto increase in width, backs to point FP2, with the increased distance Bfrom the ABS to the flare point FP2 as shown in FIG. 39. Distance B islarger than distance A (B>A).

The flare point backing described above reduces the magnetic volume,with degradation in the over-write characteristic. The reason is thatthe closer the flare point FP1 is to the ABS in the flare portion 225,the more excellent over-write characteristic is obtained. it isnecessary to make the flare point close to the ABS, especially in thecase of a track width of 0.2 μm or less.

From the above description, it is apparent that the present inventioncan solve the problems of the conventional trimming method.

(2) EMBODIMENT 2

Embodiment 2 relates to a method for manufacturing a thin film magnetichead shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. FIGS. 40 to 58 show processes of thismanufacturing method. It is notified in advance that processesillustrated in FIGS. 40 to 58 are also performed on a wafer.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 40>

Referring to FIG. 40, on an insulating film 16 deposited on a base body15 there are formed a first shield film 31, a read element 3, aninsulating film 32, a second shield film 33, an insulating film 34 and afirst magnetic film 211 by means of publicly known processes.

In a specific example, the insulating film 16 is an alumina film, formedin a thickness of 3 μm or the like. The first shield film 31 is made ofa magnetic material such as NiFe, formed 2 to 2.5 μm thick by aframe-plating method. The insulating film 32 is, in general, formed bytwo steps: in the first step, an alumina film of 3 to 4 μm in thicknessis formed and after that, the surface of the alumina film is flattenedby CMP and then an GMR element 3 to be a read element is formed; and inthe second step, an alumina film covering the GMR element 3 is formed.The second shield film 33 is made of a magnetic material such as NiFe,formed 2 to 3 μm thick. The insulating film 34 is formed as an aluminafilm of 0.2 to 0.3 μm in thickness.

The first magnetic film 211 is formed 3.0 to 4.0 μm thick by aframe-plating method. The first magnetic film 211 can be made of CoNiFe(2.1T) or CoFeN (2.4T). The first magnetic film 211 may be a platingfilm of NiFe (80%:20%), NiFe (45%:55%) or CoNiFe, or a sputtering filmof FeAlN, FeN, FeCo, CoFeN or FeZrN, with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.6 μm.

After that, an insulating film 251 is formed, for example, 0.2 μm thickon the flat surface of the first magnetic film 211, the insulating film251 having an area slightly larger than an area necessary for forming acoil, and then openings OP1, OP2 are selectively formed, and a firstcoil 231 is formed on the insulating film 251 by a selectiveframe-plating method. The first coil 231 is grown, for example, 3 to 3.5μm thick. FIG. 40 shows a state in which the above-mentioned selectiveCu-plating process has been performed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 41>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 40 to the state of FIG. 41,a selective plating process is performed in the openings OP1, OP2 sothat a pole piece and a back gap piece are formed 3.5 μm thick on thefirst magnetic film 211, and then the resist frame is removed by meansof chemical etching or the like. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 41, thepole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216 are formed with a spacebetween them on one surface of the first magnetic film 211. The polepiece 212 and the back gap piece 216 can be made of CoNiFe (compositionratio, 67:15:18, 1.8 to 1.9 T) or FeCo (composition ratio, 60:40, 2.4T).

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 42>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 41 to the state of FIG. 42,a photoresist film RS4 covering the first coil 231, the pole piece 212and the back gap piece 216 is formed. After that, the first magneticfilm 211 is selectively etched by IBE, using the photoresist film RS4 asa mask, so as to pattern the first magnetic film 211.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 43>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 42 to the state of FIG. 43,the resist cover RS4 shown in FIG. 42 is removed and then, as shown inFIG. 43, an insulating film 252 is deposited on the surfaces and sidefaces of the insulating film 251, the first coil 231, the second polepiece 212 and the back gap piece 216. Specifically, the insulating film252 is formed 0.05 to 0.15 μm thick by an Al₂O₃-CVD process. Theinsulating film 252 is formed under a low-pressure atmosphere at atemperature not less than 100° C. In case of forming the insulating film252 as an Al₂O₃ film, it is possible to adopt an alumina-CVD filmforming method in which Al(CH₃)₃ and AlCl₃ are sprayed in an alternateand intermittent way under a low-pressure atmosphere of H₂O, N₂, N₂O orH₂O₂.

Next, a seed film 261 is deposited on the surface of the insulating film252. The seed film 261 can be formed as a Cu-sputtering film of 50 nm inthickness, a Cu-CVD film stack of 50 nm in thickness or the like. Whenthe seed film 261 is formed as a Cu-CVD film stack, the seed film 261 isdeposited on bottom surfaces, side surfaces and top surfaces of thefirst coil 231, according to indentions and protrusions in the firstcoil 231, with excellent step coverage.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 44>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 43 to the state of FIG. 44,a plating film 232 to be a second coil is formed, for example, 3 to 5 μmthick on the seed film 261 by a frame-plating method.

As the seed film 261 is formed as a Cu-CVD film and is deposited onbottom surfaces, side surfaces and top surfaces of the first coil 231,according to indentions and protrusions in the first coil 231, withexcellent step coverage, it is possible to form a plating film 232 innarrow and long space between coil turns of the first coil 231 withoutmaking keyholes in the bottom of said space. The plating film 232comprises Cu as its main constituent and is formed by a selectiveplating method. A part of the seed film 261 not covered with the platingfilm 232 is removed by wet etching using dilute hydrochloric acid,dilute sulfuric acid, copper sulfate or the like, or by dry etching suchas ion milling.

After that, an insulating film 253 of Al₂O₃ is formed so as to cover theplating film 232 and the area not covered with the plating film 232. Theinsulating film 253 is formed as a sputtering film of 4 to 6 μm inthickness.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 45>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 44 to the state of FIG. 45,the insulating film 253 and the plating film 232 are polished andflattened by CMP. Consequently, a second coil 232 of a spiral pattern isobtained, insulated from the first coil 231 by the insulating film 252.In the CMP, the surfaces of the second pole piece 212, the back gappiece 216 and the insulating film 253 are also polished so as to formthe same plane as the surfaces of the first coil 231 and the second coil232.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 46>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 45 to the state of FIG. 46,an insulating film 254 covering the surfaces of the first coil 231 andthe second coil 232 is formed thereon. The insulating film 254 is madeof Al₂O₃, formed 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm thick, for example.

Next, a reactive ion etching (RIE) process or an ion milling process isapplied onto the insulating film 254 to form openings for a third polepiece 213 and a back gap piece 217 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). After that,plating is performed to form the third pole piece 213 and the back gappiece 217. After the third pole piece 213 and the back gap piece 217 areformed, the resist frame is removed. The third pole piece 213 and theback gap piece 217 each are a plating film of CoFe or CoNiFe (2.1 to 2.3T) and have a film thickness of 1 to 2 μm.

Next, an insulating film 255 of Al₂O₃ is deposited, for example, 1 to 2μm in thickness on the surface where the third pole piece 213 and theback gap piece 217 have been formed, and then the surfaces of theinsulating film 255, the third pole piece 213 and the back gap piece 217are polished by CMP. By this CMP, the third pole piece 213 and the backgap piece 217 are self-positioned in the insulating film 255.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 47 and 48>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 46 to the state of FIG. 47,a magnetic film 214 is formed 0.5 to 1.0 μm thick on the polishedsurfaces of the insulating film 255, the third pole piece 213 and theback gap piece 217. The magnetic film 214 can be made of a plating filmof CoFeN (2.4 T) or a sputtering film of FeAlN, FeN, FeCo or FeZrN.After that, a mask 250, which is a pattern-plating film of NiFe orCoNiFe, is formed on the third pole piece 213 and the back gap piece217. And an IBE process with the mask 250 is applied onto the magneticfilm 214 so that the magnetic film 214 is patterned.

Consequently, as shown in FIG. 48, a fourth pole piece 214 and a backgap piece 218 are formed.

For patterning the magnetic film 214 with the mask 250 of apattern-plating film, ion beams are applied at 0 degree and 75 degrees,which provides selective patterning on the magnetic film 214 made of anHiBs material.

The magnetic film 214 can also be patterned by other methods. Forexample, an RIE process is applied onto the magnetic film 214 at a hightemperature of 50 to 300° C. under a halogen-based gas atmosphere suchas Cl₂ or BCl₃+Cl₂, so that the magnetic film 214 is etched to 80% ofits film thickness. The temperature in the RIE process is preferably 50°C. or higher, more preferably 200 to 250° C. This temperature rangeprovides a high-accuracy pattern.

Moreover, an etching profile can be accurately controlled by introducingO₂ into a C₁₂-based gas. Specifically, as mixing O₂ with a BCl₃+Cl₂ gasmakes it possible to remove a deposit of a residual boron gascompletely, an extremely accurate control over the etching profile isachieved.

Moreover, the use of an etching gas obtained by mixing a CO₂ with a Cl₂gas, a BCl₃+Cl₂ gas, an O₂-mixed Cl₂ gas, or O₂-mixed BCl₃+Cl₂ gasincreases the etching rate of RIE, and consequently improves theselection ratio with a mask material by 30 to 50%.

After a part of the magnetic film 214, for example, 80% part is etchedas described above, an additional IBE is applied onto the residualmagnetic film 214. This IBE is applied at an angle of 40 to 70 degrees,for example.

As described above, by patterning the magnetic film 214 with the mask250 made of a pattern-plating film of NiFe or CoNiFe, the fourth polepiece 214 with high accuracy is formed. Consequently, a throat heightdefined by the fourth pole piece 214 is controlled with high accuracy.For example, the throat height can be controlled to be 0.1 to 0.5 μm or0.2 to 0.7 μm with grate freedom. Consequently, a thin film magnetichead with a quick rise of a write current and excellent over-writecharacteristic is obtained.

Moreover, as the throat height is defined by the fourth pole piece 214of a thick HiBs material, write magnetic flux for giving a magneticrecord to a medium can be concentrated at a pole end as reducing halfwayleakage magnetic flux. Consequently, problems such as side erase or sidewrite can be solved.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 49 and 50>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 48 to the state of FIG. 49,an insulating film 256 of Al₂O₃ is deposited 3 to 4 μm thick by means ofsputtering or the like. After that, as shown in FIG. 50, the surfaces ofthe insulating film 256, the fourth pole piece 214 and the back gappiece 218 are polished and flattened by CMP. By this CMP, the fourthpole piece 214 and the back gap piece 218 are self-positioned in theinsulating film 256.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 51 and 52>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 50 to the state of FIGS. 51and 52, a resist frame formed by photolithography is applied onto thepolished and flattened surface, and a frame-plating method is performedso that a third magnetic film 222 is selectively formed. The thirdmagnetic film 222 can be made of CoNiFe (composition ratio, 67:15:18,1.8 to 1.9 T) or FeCo (composition ratio, 60:40, 2.4 T). The thicknessof the third magnetic film 222 is, for example, 3.5 to 4.0 μm. The thirdmagnetic film 222 has a wide portion 223 forming a main part of theyoke, and a narrow portion 224 forming a pole portion.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 53 and 54>

In a process leading from the state of FIGS. 51 and 52 to the state ofFIGS. 53 and 54, ion beams are applied at 30 to 50 degrees, using thethird magnetic film 222 as a mask, so that the second magnetic film 221is etched and removed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 55 and 56>

Next, as shown in FIGS. 55 and 56, the whole wide portion 223 of thethird magnetic film 222 except the narrow portion 224 of the thirdmagnetic film 222 is covered with a resist mask FR4. The resist mask FR4is deposited 5 to 7 μm thick. The resist mask FR4 is formed to be convexon the third magnetic film 222 and also spread above the first coil 231and the second coil 232.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 57 and 58>

Next, as shown in FIGS. 57 and 58, the resist mask FR4 is etch-backed soas to expose the surface of the third magnetic film 222, which forms thesecond yoke portion. The etch-backing process to etch-back the resistmask FR4 may comprise a dry-etching process with an O₂-mixed plasma, oran isotropic or anisotropic dry-etching process with halogen-based orchlorofluorocarbon-based plasma ashing. These etching processes providedry-etching with excellent flatness. Aforesaid anisotropic dry-etchingprocess is performed by using O₂ gas, or halogen-based gas such aschlorofluorocarbon-based gas, e.g. SF₄ or SF₆.

By the etch-backing process, the resist mask FR4 is self-aligned inintimate contact with outer circumferential edges of the second andthird magnetic films 221 and 222 without misalignment of the resist maskFR4 or a gap between the resist mask FR4 and the outer circumferentialedges. In the subsequent etching process, consequently, there is nopossibility that the outer circumferential edges of the second and thirdmagnetic films 221 and 222 might be attacked by an etching means such asion beams and so, a high-accuracy pattern of the second yoke portion,which is formed of the second and third magnetic films 221 and 222, isobtained.

The resist mask FR4 is also self-aligned in intimate contact with theflare portion 225 without misalignment of the resist mask FR4 or a gapbetween the resist mask FR4 and the flare portion 225 and so, in thesubsequent etching process, there is no possibility that the outer edgeof the flare portion 225 might be attacked by an etching means such asion beams. Thus, it is possible to prevent variations in a flare point,which is between the flare portion 225 and the narrow portion 224. Thisassures a constant minimal value of the distance from the ABS to theflare point in a thin film magnetic head and consequently assures theover-write characteristic.

Next, an etching process is applied through the opening of the resistmask FR4 to parts of the magnetic films 221, 222 and/or a part of thegap film 24 that are in the opening. The opening of the resist mask FR4has been formed on the narrow portion 224, which forms the second poleportion. The aforesaid etching process on the narrow portion 224provides a thin film magnetic head of a high areal recording densitytype having a narrow track width of 0.1 to 0.2 μm.

Aforesaid etching process produces etching indentations on both sides ofthe narrow portion 224. In this etching process, the magnetic film 214(fourth pole piece) that is one of magnetic films 211 to 214 forming thefirst pole portion P1 and is adjacent to the gap film 24, is etched sothat not all portions of the magnetic film 214 are etched and on thebottoms of the etching indentations, a base portion (S1, S2) of themagnetic film 214 is left. In case of using IBE as an etching means, byselected irradiation angles of ion beams and the geometric structure ofthe narrow portion 224, the magnetic film 214 is etched so as to have anarrowed portion and a base portion (S1, S2) left on the bottoms, thebase portion (S1, S2) increasing in thickness toward the narrowedportion. This structure make it possible to both keep a narrowed trackwidth and allow a sufficient sectional area of the magnetic film 214adjacent to the gap film 24. Consequently, magnetic saturation in themagnetic film is prevented and so, over-write characteristic isimproved.

After the process shown in FIGS. 57 and 58, the resist mask FR4 isremoved. After that, a protective film 258 made of alumina or the like(see FIGS. 3 and 4) is deposited 20 to 40 μm thick and the manufacturingprocess is finished. After that, publicly known post-processes ofcutting out a thin film magnetic head from the wafer, polishing fordetermining a throat height, processing ABS and the like are performed.

(3) EMBODIMENT 3

Embodiment 3 is a process of manufacturing a thin film magnetic headshown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and is illustrated in FIGS. 59 to 65. rocesses,which have been illustrated and described in embodiment 1 or 2 and arealso applied to embodiment 3, are referred to the description ofembodiment 1 or 2 and the illustrations of the processes may be omitted.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 59>

On an insulating film 16 deposited on a base body 15 there are formed afirst shield film 31, a read element 3, an insulating film 32, a secondshield film 33, an insulating film 34 and a first magnetic film 211 bymeans of publicly known processes.

In a specific example, the insulating film 16 is an alumina film, formedin a thickness of 3 μm or the like. The first shield film 31 is made ofa magnetic material such as NiFe, formed 2 to 3 μm thick by aframe-plating method. The insulating film 32 is, in general, formed bytwo steps: in the first step, an alumina film of 3 to 4 μm in thicknessis formed and after that, the surface of the alumina film is flattenedby CMP and then an GMR element 3 to be a read element is formed; and inthe second step, an alumina film covering the GMR element 3 is formed.The second shield film 33 is made of a magnetic material such as NiFe,formed 2 to 3 μm thick. The insulating film 34 is formed as an aluminafilm of 0.2 to 0.3 μm in thickness.

The first magnetic film 211 is made of CoNiFe (2.1T) or CoFeN (2.4T),formed 1.5 to 2.0 μm thick. On an end to be the first pole piece, of thefirst magnetic film 211, there may be formed a plating film of NiFe(80%:20%) or NiFe (45%:55%), or a sputtering film of FeAlN, FeN, FeCo,CoFeN or FeZrN, with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.6 μm and then patterned byion milling.

After that, an insulating film 251 is formed, for example, 0.2 to 0.3 μmthick on the flat surface of the first magnetic film 211, the insulatingfilm 251 having an area slightly larger than an area necessary forforming a coil. The insulating film 251 are formed so as to haveopenings where a back gap portion and a pole portion are to be formed.And, a frame-plating method is applied onto the openings so that asecond pole piece 212 and a first back gap piece 216 are formed. FIG. 59shows a state in which the second pole piece 212 and the first back gappiece 216 have been formed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 60>

After the process of FIG. 59, a photolithography process is performed onone surface where the insulating film 251 has been formed, and a resistframe plating method is performed so that a first coil 231 is formed 2.5to 3.5 μm in thickness. Next, an insulating film 252 of photoresist isformed in the space between coil turns of the first coil 231.

Next, an insulating film 254 of Al₂O₃ is deposited, for example, 3 to 4μm thick on the surface where the pole piece 212 and the back gap piece216 have been formed, and then the surfaces of the insulating film 254,the pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216 are polished by CMP. FIG.60 shows a state in which the CMP has been performed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 61 and 62>

In a process leading from the state of FIG. 60 to the state of FIGS. 61and 62, a magnetic film made of CoFe, which is a HiB material, is formed0.5 to 0.6 μm thick on one surface where the insulating film 254 hasbeen formed. After that, on the surface of the magnetic film of CoFethere are formed plating patterns corresponding to the connectingconductor 281, the second pole piece 212 and the back gap piece 216, andthen the magnetic film is etched by ion milling, using plating patternsas masks. Consequently, a connecting conductor 282, a third pole piece213 and a back gap piece 217 are obtained.

Next, an insulating film 255 of Al₂O₃ is deposited on the surface wherethe connecting conductor 282, the third pole piece 213 and the back gappiece 217 have been formed, and then the surfaces of the insulating film255, the third pole piece 213, the back gap piece 217 and the connectingconductor 282 are polished by CMP.

Next, a gap film 24 is formed 0.06 to 0.1 μm thick on the surfaceflattened by CMP. The gap film 24 is made of a non-magnetic metalmaterial such as Ru and formed by sputtering or the like.

Next, a second magnetic film 221 is formed on the surface of the gapfilm 24 and the flattened surface. The second magnetic film 221 is madeof an HiBs material. Specifically, CoFe and CoFeN are particularlysuitable among HiBs materials such as FeAlN, FeN, CoFe, CoFeN and FeZrN.The second magnetic film 221 is formed, for example, 0.3 to 0.6 μm thickand is to be used as a seed film in the subsequent plating process forforming a third magnetic film.

After that, the third magnetic film 222 is formed by a frame-platingmethod using the second magnetic film 221 as a seed film. The thirdmagnetic film 222 is made of NiFe (composition ratio, 55:45), CoNiFe(composition ratio, nearly 67:15:18, 1.9 T to 2.1 T), CoFe (compositionratio, 40:60, 2.3 T) or the like. The thickness of the third magneticfilm 222 is 3.5 to 4.0 μm. The third magnetic film 222 is formed so asto have a wide portion 223 and a narrow portion 224 (see FIG. 26). Thewide portion 223 forms a second yoke portion and the narrow portion 224forms a second pole portion.

Next, the whole wide portion 223 of the third magnetic film 222 exceptthe narrow portion 224 of the third magnetic film 222 is covered with aresist mask FR5. The resist mask FR5 is formed to spread above the firstcoil 231. Also, the resist mask FR5 is formed to have an end faceperpendicular to the surface of the narrow portion 224. FIGS. 61 and 62show a state in which the resist mask FR5 has been formed.

<Process Leading to a State of FIGS. 63 and 64>

Next, as shown in FIGS. 63 and 64, the resist mask FR5 is etch-backed soas to expose the surface of the third magnetic film 222, which forms thesecond yoke portion. The etch-backing process to etch-back the resistmask FR5 may comprise a dry-etching process with an O₂-mixed plasma, oran isotropic or anisotropic dry-etching process with halogen-based orchlorofluorocarbon-based plasma ashing. As described above, theseetching processes provide dry-etching with excellent flatness, and theanisotropic dry-etching process is performed by using O₂ gas, orhalogen-based gas such as chlorofluorocarbon-based gas, e.g. SF₄ or SF₆.

Next, an etching process with the etch-backed resist mask FR5 isperformed in the opening of the resist mask FR5. The opening of theresist mask FR5 has been formed on the narrow portion 224, which formsthe second pole portion. This etching process is continued to expose thesurface of the third pole piece 213, which forms the first pole portion.

By the etch-backing process, the resist mask FR5 is self-aligned inintimate contact with outer circumferential edges of the second andthird magnetic films 221 and 222 without misalignment of the resist maskFR5 or a gap between the resist mask FR5 and the outer circumferentialedges. In the subsequent etching process, consequently, there is nopossibility that the outer circumferential edges of the second and thirdmagnetic films 221 and 222 might be attacked by an etching means such asion beams and so, a high-accuracy pattern of the second yoke portion,which is formed of the second and third magnetic films 221 and 222, isobtained.

The second and third magnetic films 221 and 222 comprise a wide portion223 and a flare portion 225 gradually decreasing in width toward anarrow portion 224, which forms the second pole portion. In the presentinvention, the resist mask FR5 is also self-aligned in intimate contactwith the flare portion 225 without misalignment of the resist mask FR5or a gap between the resist mask FR5 and the flare portion 225 and so,in the subsequent etching process, there is no possibility that theouter edge of the flare portion 225 might be attacked by an etchingmeans such as ion beams. Thus, it is possible to prevent variations in aflare point FP1, which is between the flare portion 225 and the narrowportion 224. This assures a constant minimal value of the distance fromthe ABS to the flare point FP1 in a thin film magnetic head andconsequently assures the over-write characteristic.

<Process Leading to a State of FIG. 65>

After the process shown in FIGS. 63 and 64, the resist mask FR5 isremoved and then additional etching is performed by IBE, applied ontothe third pole piece 213 of the first pole portion.

The additional etching process produces etching indentations on bothsides of the narrow portion 224. In this etching process, the magneticfilm 213 (third pole piece) adjacent to the gap film 24 is etched sothat not all portions of the magnetic film 213 are etched and on thebottoms of the etching indentations, a base portion (S1, S2) of themagnetic film 213 is left. In case of using IBE as an etching means, byselected irradiation angles of ion beams and the geometric structure ofthe narrow portion 224, the magnetic film 213 is etched so as to have anarrowed portion and a base portion (S1, S2) left on the bottoms, thebase portion (S1, S2) increasing in thickness toward the narrowedportion. This structure make it possible to both keep a narrowed trackwidth and allow a sufficient sectional area of the magnetic film 213adjacent to the gap film 24. Consequently, magnetic saturation in themagnetic film is prevented and so, over-write characteristic isimproved.

After that, a protective film 258 made of alumina or the like (see FIGS.3 and 4) is deposited 20 to 40 μm thick and the process on the wafer isalmost finished. After that, publicly known post-processes of cuttingout a thin film magnetic head from the wafer, polishing for determininga throat height, processing ABS and the like are performed.

3. Magnetic Head Device and a Magnetic Recording/Reproducing Apparatus

The present invention also discloses a magnetic head device and amagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus. Referring to FIGS. 66 and 67,a magnetic head device according to the present invention comprises athin film magnetic head 400 shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 and a head supportingdevice 6. The structure of the head supporting device 6 is as follows: aflexible member 62 made of a metal sheet is attached to a free end of asupporting member 61 made of a metal sheet, the free end being at oneend in the longitudinal direction; and the thin film magnetic head 400is attached to the lower surface of the flexible member 62.

Specifically, the flexible member 62 comprises: two outer frame portions621 and 622 extending nearly in parallel with the longitudinal axialline of the supporting member 61; a lateral frame 623 for connecting theouter frame portions 621 and 622 at the end which is distant from thesupporting member 61; and a tongue-shaped piece 624 extending nearlyfrom the middle part of the lateral frame 623 nearly in parallel withthe outer frame portions 621 and 622 and having a free end at the tip.One end of the flexible member 62 opposite to the lateral frame 623 isjoined to the vicinity of the free end of the supporting member 61 bymeans of welding or the like.

The lower face of the supporting member 61 is provided with a loadingprojection 625 in the shape of a hemisphere, for example. This loadingprojection 625 transmits load from the free end of the supporting member61 to the tongue-shaped piece 624.

The thin film magnetic head 400 is joined to the lower surface of thetongue-shaped piece 624 by means of adhesion or the like. The thin filmmagnetic head 400 is supported so as to allow pitching and rollingactions.

A head supporting device to which the present invention is applied isnot limited to the above-described embodiment. The present invention canalso be applied to head supporting devices which have been proposed upto now or will be proposed in the future. For example, the presentinvention can be applied to a head supporting device obtained byintegrating the supporting member 61 and the tongue-shaped piece 624 bya flexible high-molecular wiring sheet such as a TAB tape (TAB: tapeautomated bonding), and a head supporting device having a publicly knownconventional gimbals structure.

Next, referring to FIG. 68, a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatusaccording to the present invention comprises a magnetic disk 71 providedso as to be capable of turning around an axis 70, a thin film magnetichead 72 for recording and reproducing information on the magnetic disk71 and an assembly carriage device 73 for positioning the thin filmmagnetic head 72 on a track of the magnetic disk 71.

The assembly carriage device 73 comprises a carriage 75 capable ofturning around an axis 74 and an actuator 76 composed of, for example, avoice coil motor (VCM) for turning this carriage 75, as main components.

The base portion of a plurality of driving arms 77 stacked in the axialdirection of the axis 74 is attached to the carriage 75, and a headsuspension assembly 78 with a thin film magnetic head 72 is fixedlyjoined to the tip of each driving arm 77. Each head suspension assembly78 is joined to the tip of a driving arm 77 so that a thin film magnetichead 72 on the tip of the head suspension assembly 78 faces the surfaceof each magnetic disk 71.

The driving arm 77, head suspension assembly 78 and thin film magnetichead 72 form the magnetic head device described with reference to FIGS.66 and 67. The thin film magnetic head 72 has the structure shown inFIGS. 1 to 10. Thus, the magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus shownin FIG. 68 exhibits the action and effect described with reference toFIGS. 1 to 10.

Although the contents of the present invention have been concretelydescribed above with reference to the preferred embodiments, it isobvious that people in this field can take various variations on thebasis of the basic technical idea and teachings of the presentinvention.

1. A thin film magnetic head, comprising: a write element, the writeelement including, a first yoke portion; a first pole portion projectingfrom a flat surface of the first yoke portion at a medium-facing surfaceside and having a reduced width at its upper end; a gap film; a secondpole portion facing the upper end of the first pole portion, having thesame width as the upper end of the first pole portion, with the gap filminterposed between the second pole portion and the upper end of thefirst pole portion; a second yoke portion continuous with the secondpole portion at the medium-facing surface side and connected to thefirst yoke portion by a back gap portion that is recessed in the thinfilm magnetic head from the medium-facing surface; and a coilsurrounding in a spiral form the back gap portion on the flat surface ofthe first yoke portion; wherein: the first pole portion includes amagnetic film adjacent to the gap film, and the magnetic film is etchedat both sides in a width direction so as to have a narrowed portionhaving substantially the same width as the second pole portion, and abase portion connected to the narrowed portion and increasing inthickness toward the narrowed portion; the coil has a space between coilturns which is filled up with an organic insulating resin; the coil andthe organic insulating resin are covered with a third insulating film ofan inorganic insulating material; the third insulating film has aflattened surface; the first pole portion comprises a first pole piece,a second pole piece and a third pole piece; the first pole piece isformed of an end of the first yoke portion; the second pole piece hasone surface adjacent to the first pole piece; the third pole piece hasone surface adjacent to the other surface of the second pole piece; theother surface of the second pole piece is flattened to the same level asthe flattened surface of the third insulating film; the other surface ofthe third pole piece is flattened to the same level as a surface of afourth insulating film deposited on the flattened surface of the thirdinsulating film; and the gap film is on the flattened surfaces of thethird pole piece and the fourth insulating film.
 2. The thin filmmagnetic head of claim 1, further comprising a read element, wherein:the read element comprises a giant magnetoresistance effect element. 3.The thin film magnetic head of claim 2, wherein: the giantmagnetoresistance effect element comprises one of a spin valve film anda ferromagnetic tunnel junction.
 4. A magnetic recording/reproducingapparatus, comprising: the thin film magnetic head of claim 1, and amagnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic recording mediumperforms magnetic recording/reproducing operations in cooperation withthe thin film magnetic head.
 5. The magnetic recording/reproducingapparatus of claim 4, wherein: the coil comprises a first coil and asecond coil; the first and second coils surround in a spiral form theback gap portion on a first insulating film formed on the flat surfaceof the first yoke portion, and one of the first and second coils isfitted into the space between coil turns of the other, insulated fromthe coil turns of the other by a second insulating film, and the firstand second coils are connected to each other so as to generate magneticflux in the same direction.
 6. A magnetic recording/reproducingapparatus, comprising: a thin film magnetic head and a magneticrecording medium, wherein the thin film magnetic head comprises a writeelement, the write element including, a first yoke portion; a first poleportion projecting from a flat surface of the first yoke portion at amedium-facing surface side and having a reduced width at its upper end;a gap film; a second pole portion facing the upper end of the first poleportion, having the same width as the upper end of the first poleportion, with the gap film interposed between the second pole portionand the upper end of the first pole portion; a second yoke portioncontinuous with the second pole portion at the medium-facing surfaceside and connected to the first yoke portion by a back gap portion thatis recessed in the thin film magnetic head from the medium-facingsurface; and a coil surrounding in a spiral form the back gap portion onthe flat surface of the first yoke portion; the first pole portionincludes a magnetic film adjacent to the gap film, and the magnetic filmis etched at both sides in a width direction so as to have a narrowedportion having substantially the same width as the second pole portion,and a base portion connected to the narrowed portion and increasing inthickness toward the narrowed portion; and the magnetic recording mediumperforms magnetic recording/reproducing operations in cooperation withthe thin film magnetic head; the first pole portion comprises a firstpole piece, a second pole piece, a third pole piece and a fourth polepiece; the first pole piece is formed of an end of the first yokeportion; the second pole piece has one surface adjacent to the firstpole piece; the third pole piece has one surface adjacent to the othersurface of the second pole piece; and the fourth pole piece has onesurface adjacent to the other surface of the third pole piece and theother surface adjacent to the gap film.
 7. The magneticrecording/reproducing apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a readelement, wherein the read element comprise a giant magnetoresistanceeffect element.
 8. The magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus of claim7, wherein: the giant magnetoresistance effect element comprises one ofa spin valve film and a ferromagnetic tunnel junction.
 9. A magneticrecording/reproducing apparatus, comprising: a thin film magnetic headand a magnetic recording medium, wherein the thin film magnetic headcomprises a write element, the write element including, a first yokeportion; a first pole portion projecting from a flat surface of thefirst yoke portion at a medium-facing surface side and having a reducedwidth at its upper end; a gap film; a second pole portion facing theupper end of the first pole portion, having the same width as the upperend of the first pole portion, with the gap film interposed between thesecond pole portion and the upper end of the first pole portion; asecond yoke portion continuous with the second pole portion at themedium-facing surface side and connected to the first yoke portion by aback gap portion that is recessed in the thin film magnetic head fromthe medium-facing surface; and a coil surrounding in a spiral form theback gap portion on the flat surface of the first yoke portion; wherein:the first pole portion includes a magnetic film adjacent to the gapfilm, and the magnetic film is etched at both sides in a width directionso as to have a narrowed portion having substantially the same width asthe second pole portion, and a base portion connected to the narrowedportion and increasing in thickness toward the narrowed portion; and themagnetic recording medium performs magnetic recording/reproducingoperations in cooperation with the thin film magnetic head; the coil hasa space between coil turns which is filled up with an organic insulatingresin; the coil and the organic insulating resin are covered with athird insulating film of an inorganic insulating material; the thirdinsulating film has a flattened surface; the first pole portioncomprises a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a third polepiece; the first pole piece is formed of an end of the first yokeportion; the second pole piece has one surface adjacent to the firstpole piece; the third pole piece has one surface adjacent to the othersurface of the second pole piece; the other surface of the second polepiece is flattened to the same level as the flattened surface of thethird insulating film; the other surface of the third pole piece isflattened to the same level as a surface of a fourth insulating filmdeposited on the flattened surface of the third insulating film; and thegap film is on the flattened surfaces of the third pole piece and thefourth insulating film.